Stepper in Pakistan Back in the year 2009, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA) updated vehicular exhaust emission standards for gasoline powered vehicles under the national environmental quality standards (NEQS) for motor vehicles. Similar to Euro II standards,these were termed as Pak-II tier.For dieselStepper in Pakistan operated vehicles, corresponding standards were implemented from the year 2012Stepper in Pakistan ( Khan and Yasmin, 2014).This shift in policy, however, did not Stepper in Pakistan produce desired results as most of the onroad Stepper in Stepper in Pakistan Pakistanvehicles still do not comply with anyStepper in Pakistan Euro standard. Lack of awareness and incentives coupled with a weak implementation are among the reasons. ...Stepper in Pakistan
... Stepper in Pakistan Though Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)Stepper in Pakistan had been widely used in Pakistan, recent shortages of gas supply to gas stations have led to a significantly reduced CNG usage by vehicles. Also the government is discouragingStepper in Pakistan its use as a vehicular fuel based on Stepper in Pakistan the current natural gas shortages faced by other sectors of economy ( Khan and Yasmin, 2014). Stepper in Pakistan Therefore only gasoline fueled Stepper in Pakistan vehiclesStepper in Pakistan wereconsidered in this study. ...Stepper in Pakistan
Stepper in Pakistan Prediction of running emission factors from passenger vehicles in an urban area Stepper in Pakistan using International Vehicle Emissions Model as a computational tool
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Nov 2015
Izhar Hussain Shah
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.Stepper in Pakistan .. For example, CNG demand increased rapidly and peaked in 2011 before Stepper in Pakistan declining thereafter. Petrol demand witnessed a secular increase despite rapid Stepper in Pakistanv increase in global oil prices in later part of last decade (see Figure 1), whereas diesel demand shows mean reverting behavior over the period under consideration ( Khan and Yasmin, 2014). ...
Stepper in Pakistan Estimating Elasticity of Transport Fuel Demand in Pakistan
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Mar 2018
Muhammad Omer
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Stepper in Pakistan ... Moreover, natural gas is considered as an efficient and clean fuel [75,76]. As a result, more than 86 countries are using natural gas to power vehicles [77]. ...
Natural Gas Engine Technologies: Challenges and Energy Sustainability Issue
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Oct 2018
Girma T. Chala
Abd Rashid Abd Aziz
Ftwi Yohaness Hagos
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... With the aim to reduce the transportation sector's oil consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and criteria air pollutants, in 1998 the government of Pakistan announced a two year goal of establishing 150 CNG stations and conversion of 100,000 vehicles to natural gas fueled vehicles. Due to Government's consumer friendly policy, ample regulatory framework and available price difference between CNG and gasoline/diesel, NGVs (natural gas vehicles) have increased significantly at an unprecedented rate of around 52.5% per annum during the last few years ( Khan & Yasmin, 2014). Currently the country NGV fleet share about 80% of total registered passenger vehicle fleet in Pakistan and 16% NGVs strength worldwide. ...
Comparative Well-to-Tank energy use and greenhouse gas assessment of natural gas as a transportation fuel in Pakistan
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Jan 2018
Muhammad Imran Khan
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... engine conversion are well developed and widely available. Several studies on the technical, Stepper in Pakistan environmental, economic, safety and life cycle emissions of NGVs have also been reported ( Ou et al., 2013;Wang and Huang, 2015;Gopal and Sidhartha, 2003;Jahirul et al., 2010;Gwilliam, 2014;Khan and Yasmin, 2014;Cho and He, 2007;Khan et al., 2016). The results showed that CNG has several advantages over both Stepper in Pakistanv diesel and gasoline fuel, including considerable emission and cost reductions ( Khan et al., 2015b). ...
Stepper in Pakistan Mitigating gas flare and emission footprints via the implementation of natural gas vehicles in NigeriaStepper in Pakistan
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Nov 2017ENERG POLICYStepper in Pakistanv
B. Olufemi Odufuwa
Collins Nwaokocha
Giwa Solomon
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Stepper in Pakistan Policy options for the sustainable development of natural gas as transportation fuel
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Stepper in Pakistan Nov 2017ENERG POLICY
Muhammad Imran Khan
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Stepper in Pakistan Identifying and addressing barriers for the sustainable development of natural gas as automotive fuel
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Stepper in Pakistan Sep 2017INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
Muhammad Imran Khan
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A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Compressed Natural Gas as Transportation Fuel in Pakistan: Part 1 - Well-to-Tank Analysis
Muhammad Imran Khan
This study will conduct life cycle energy and emission efficiency analysis for various automotive fuels in the Pakistani context.
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Technical overview of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a transportation fuel
July 2015 · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Muhammad Imran Khan
Tabassam Yasmeen
Dr. Abdul Shakoor
Increasing urbanization and industrialization have led to a phenomenal growth in transportation demand worldwide, coupled with a concentration of vehicles in metropolitan cities. With regard to increasingly stringent emission legislation natural gas is gaining interest as a transportation fuel with worldwide over 19 million natural gas vehicles in operation. This paper presents the worldwide ... [Show full abstract]View full-text
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International experience with compressed natural gas (CNG) as environmental friendly fuel
June 2015 · Energy Systems
Muhammad Imran Khan
Tabassam Yasmeen
Dr. Abdul Shakoor
Environmental concerns relating to gaseous emissions from transport have led to growth in the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as transportation fuel worldwide with over 19 million natural gas vehicles (NGVs) currently in operation. This paper reviews the environmental advantages of natural gas fuel, presenting laboratory and real world comparative emission performance of NGVs with diesel and ... [Show full abstract]View full-text
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Safety issues associated with the use and operation of natural gas vehicles: learning from accidents...
August 2015 · Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering
Muhammad Imran Khan
Niaz Bahadur Khan
Tabassam Yasmeen
The use natural gas in transportation is well established globally with over 18 million natural gas vehicles (NGVs) distributed through more than 90 countries of the world. This paper discusses several safety issues involved with using natural gas as a transportation fuel. After introducing the NGVs safety aspects and reviewing various standards for compressed natural gas (CNG) system, the paper ... [Show full abstract]View full-text
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Potential of Direct-Injection for the Improvement of Homogeneous-Charge Combustion in Spark-Ignition...
May 2018 · Applied Thermal Engineering
Seoksu Moon
The direct-injection has been considered as a way to improve the performance of conventional spark-ignition natural gas engines with the port-fuel-injection by increasing the engine volumetric efficiency. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the potential of direct-injection for the combustion and thermal efficiency improvement of homogeneous-charge combustion in natural gas engines ... [Show full abstract]Read more
